Why is environmental degradation a concern in relation to disease emergence?

Environmental degradation is a significant concern in relation to disease emergence primarily because it disrupts habitats and increases contact with pathogens. As natural ecosystems are altered or destroyed, animals and humans may come into closer proximity, facilitating the spread of infectious diseases. This disruption can lead to scenarios where wildlife, which may harbor various pathogens, comes into contact with domestic animals and human populations, increasing the risk of zoonotic diseases—those that can jump from animals to humans.

Furthermore, environmental changes can modify the distribution of disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, potentially expanding their range into new areas. This not only raises the risk of vector-borne diseases but also affects the balance of ecosystems, which can further complicate public health dynamics. The alteration of natural habitats can also lead to increased stress in wildlife populations, influencing their health and the pathogens they carry. Thus, the link between environmental health and public health is critical; when ecosystems are compromised, the incidence and emergence of diseases can climb sharply.